Glycopyrrolate is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to reduce excessive secretions, particularly in palliative care, postoperative settings, and certain neurologic conditions. It works by blocking acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, which dec

Bisacodyl, commonly known by the brand name Dulcolax, is a stimulant laxative widely used for short-term relief of constipation and bowel preparation before procedures. It works by directly stimulatin

On this podcast episode, I cover fludrocortisone. Fludrocortisone is a synthetic corticosteroid with potent mineralocorticoid activity and minimal glucocorticoid effects. It works primarily by promoti

One of the most important yet often overlooked concepts in pharmacology is the prescribing cascade. It occurs when a new medication is prescribed to treat a side effect caused by another drug, without

Airsupra is a combination inhaler that contains albuterol and budesonide, approved for as-needed use in adults with asthma. It represents the first rescue inhaler to combine a short-acting beta-2 agon

In this episode of Real Life Pharmacology, we take a deep dive into daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic primarily used for serious Gram-positive infections, including MRSA and VRE. Daptomycin works b

Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It works by inhibiting b

Midodrine is an oral alpha-1 agonist most commonly used for the treatment of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. Its mechanism of action is through peripheral vasoconstriction, which helps increase b

Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam) is a broad-spectrum -lactam/-lactamase inhibitor combination used widely in hospitals. Piperacillin covers gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, while tazobactam helps protect against -lactamase breakdown

Senna is a stimulant laxative. Its pharmacological activity comes from natural compounds called sennosides. Metabolites act locally in the colon to stimulate peristalsis, thereby accelerating bowel mo