Aldosterone antagonists, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, are potassium-sparing diuretics that block aldosterone at the mineralocorticoid receptor in the distal nephron. By reducing sodium and water reabsorption while conserving potassium, they play

This podcast is designed to help pharmacy and nursing learners cut through the noise and focus on the high-yield concepts that matter most when it comes to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and thiazide diuretics. These two medication classes show up c

Welcome to todays episode, where we dive into two cornerstone classes of antihypertensives: ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers. These drugs are among the most frequently prescribed agents in both primary care and specialty settings, making a sol

Moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IVtwo enzymes essential for DNA replication, repair, and transcription. By blocking both targets, it provides broad-spectrum activity agai

On this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology Podcast, I cover albuterol pharmacology, adverse effects, and a rare indication for this classic respiratory medication. Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist (SABA) that works by stimulating

Glycopyrrolate is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to reduce excessive secretions, particularly in palliative care, postoperative settings, and certain neurologic conditions. It works by blocking acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, which dec

Bisacodyl, commonly known by the brand name Dulcolax, is a stimulant laxative widely used for short-term relief of constipation and bowel preparation before procedures. It works by directly stimulatin

On this podcast episode, I cover fludrocortisone. Fludrocortisone is a synthetic corticosteroid with potent mineralocorticoid activity and minimal glucocorticoid effects. It works primarily by promoti

One of the most important yet often overlooked concepts in pharmacology is the prescribing cascade. It occurs when a new medication is prescribed to treat a side effect caused by another drug, without

Airsupra is a combination inhaler that contains albuterol and budesonide, approved for as-needed use in adults with asthma. It represents the first rescue inhaler to combine a short-acting beta-2 agon