The discovery of the malaria parasite and the mosquito as its vector changed human understandings of the disease and gave rise to scientific and medical approaches that mixed new and old practices. The twentieth century saw a great push to eliminate malaria from many parts of the world, and while these programs had successes, they also led to unintended consequences. In this third and final part of our three part series on the history of malaria, we discuss new approaches to malaria that arose both in colonial settings and within the framework of new nation states, touching on the cases of Turkey, India, Algeria, Israel/Palestine, Italy, the US and others.