Episode 15- Autonomic Dysreflexia   What is it? Excessive autonomic nervous system activity triggered by afferent stimuli below the level of the spinal cord injury (usually level T6 and above) The stimulus can be noxious or non-noxious Usually it is a noxious stimulus Example: kinked catheter, tight clothing, overheating, UTI, bowel impaction, skin irritation Need to realize that the patient does not have sensation at this level, so their body is telling them that something is wrong via AD/excessive ANS activity and you as the PT need to figure out what is causing this response   Anatomy Know what level it can occur at (T6 level of injury and above) Noxious/non-noxious stimuli   Differential Diagnosis Orthostatic hypotension: presents similarly, check BP! OH: BP drops, AD: BP stays the same or is rising Migraine: a lot of reports from patients involve a pounding headache Essential hypertension: a person is becoming hypertensive with a certain activity Anxiety Withdrawal from pharmacologic drugs   Special tests BP Clinical diagnosis: look at the signs & symptoms Signs: very rapid increase in BP (doesn’t always increase, but if it does, it will be rapid), decreased heart rate, goosebumps, diaphoresis, flushed skin above the level of the injury Symptoms: pounding headache, chills, anxiety, nausea   How it will look on the test: Incorporating a patient with a SCI and identifying AD and knowing how to manage it, what level injuries it may occur with How to manage: sit the patient up! (the direct opposite of orthostatic hypotension), quickly identify what the irritant is Fun way to remember how to treat immediately: AD: BP up, sit the patient up OH: BP down, lay patient down