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《不是不乖,是大腦的節奏不同:認識ADHD的診斷與治療》
「當我們標籤一個孩子,我們也限制了他成為自己的可能。」
“Labeling a child with a diagnosis should never limit their potential.”
— Dr. Thomas Armstrong,發展心理學家
本集《心理一下》聚焦於ADHD(注意力不足過動症)的診斷與治療。馬大元醫師說明,ADHD是一種大腦功能發展差異,與遺傳、腦部發展落後及神經傳導物質失衡(如多巴胺、正腎上腺素)有關,並非單純「不乖」的表現。鼓勵家長及早接受專業評估,六歲前可至早療單位,六歲後建議由兒童精神科醫師進行完整診斷。
在治療方面,醫師建議彈性使用藥物,如同咖啡提神般「用在刀口上」,並搭配感覺統合、人際訓練、正念、深呼吸與營養補充(如補鋅)等,幫助孩子建立穩定的專注力與自我調節能力。
醫師也指出,學校應避免用「VIP位置」標籤ADHD孩子,改以尊重、自主與協議式安排支持其學習。
接納源自理解,ADHD孩子若能在充滿愛與尊重的環境中成長,將更有機會健全地發展心理與腦部功能,走出屬於自己的穩定人生路。
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