Guess what? We realized we haven't covered surfactants and emulsifiers yet! So, we're diving into this topic over several episodes. We'll break down all the details, weigh the benefits and drawbacks, and share why they're important, plus some eye-opening stats.

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Episode Summary

In this highly informative follow-up to their previous discussion, the hosts dive deeper into the operational use of emulsifiers and surfactants in hazardous materials (hazmat) response. From tackling lithium-ion battery fires to understanding the real science behind “making water wetter,” this episode unpacks the chemistry, application, and safety of using wetting agents in fire suppression. The hosts also inject humor and real-world experience, making complex concepts relatable and engaging.

Episode Breakdown with Timestamps

[3:00 - 3:42] – Introduction to Part 2: Operational Use of Surfactants

The hosts recap Part 1 and set the stage for practical applications in hazmat scenarios.

[3:43 - 4:28] – Effectiveness in Fire Types

Discussion on the effectiveness of wetting agents on Class A, B, and some Class D fires, with a cautious note on lithium-ion batteries.

[4:29 - 5:57] – Challenges with Lithium-Ion Batteries

Why wetting agents theoretically help with heat propagation in battery fires, and why access to cells remains the real challenge.

[5:58 - 7:35] – Proportioning and Delivery Systems

Exploration of mixing ratios and delivery systems like CAFS (Compressed Air Foam Systems), backpack sprayers, and sprinklers.

[7:36 - 8:25] – Wildland Firefighting & CAFS Clarification

CAF systems explained, and their role in backpack-based firefighting in remote locations.

[8:26 - 9:40] – Surface Tension and Dynes Explained

Breakdown of “dyne per centimeter” and how lowering surface tension helps fire suppression.

[9:41 - 12:31] – Making Water Wetter and Real-World Impact

How surfactants make water more effective, and some humor on misinformation in training.

[12:32 - 14:38] – Limitations and Chemical Compatibility

When not to use wetting agents, including reactive metals and electrical fires. Emphasis on checking SDS sheets.

[14:39 - 16:21] – Efficiency, Water Damage Reduction, and Environmental Impact

Why surfactants help reduce water usage, water damage, and logistical burdens—especially in non-hydrant areas.

[16:22 - 18:15] – Environmental and Health Safety Advances

How modern surfactants are becoming biodegradable and PFAS-free, reducing risks to both responders and the environment.

[18:16 - 20:24] – Aerosol Safety and Respiratory Protection

Critical warning about aerosolized surfactants and the importance of using respiratory protection even with “safe” products.

Key Moments & Quotes

• “Water is about 72 dynes per centimeter… wetting agents knock that down to 32 dynes.”
• “The goal is to stop heat from transferring from one cell to another. A wetting agent will absorb that heat.”
• “If something’s going into the air, put on an SCBA and protect your respiratory system.”