In this episode, our guest Katherine L. Bryant discusses the changes that have occurred during evolution in the primate lineage. In particular, we focus on the changes in connectivity between the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex. Katherine has shown using immunohistochemistry that some of the inputs to the visual cortex found in squirrel monkeys and macaques were absent in great apes. We discuss the evolutionary significance of these results and talk a little bit about freedom of speech and activism.