A very young Otto von Bismarck, the man who unified Germany
















Nationalism took a dark turn for the worse after 1848. Nations that came into existence after 1848–such as Germany and Italy–were unified by military monarchies adopting the strategies of statecraft and war. In this podcast, Dr. Reiman traces the ways in which these two nations buried liberalism in their countries and strengthened autocratic government between 1848 and 1871, lighting the long fuse to World War I.